Quantitative ethnomedicinal study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the tribal communities of Central Kurram, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Background: The use of plants for different ethnobotanical purposes is a common practice in the remote areas developing countries, particularly reference to human and animal healthcare. For this aim, it important document ethnomedicinal livestock healthcare from unexplored regions. Objective: current study aimed medicinal assess their conservation status. We hypothesized that Central Kurram, due its remoteness maintenance traditions would show distinct differences plant comparison other Pakistan. Method: data was collected through semi-structured interviews  was analyzed using various quantitative indices including value (UV), relative frequency citation (RFC), report (UR), fidelity level (FL), informant consensus factor (ICF) family importance (FIV). Plant samples were identified then processed as voucher specimens following standard practice. Results: One hundred twenty participants 80 men 40 women interviewed. reported total 106 species, belonging 96 genera 50 families. There two families pteridophytes (2 species), 2 gymnosperm (4 species) 100 species 46 angiosperms. local population used therapeutic heal 114 diseases 19 aliment categories area.  A documented treat types illness. UV ranged 0.01 (Artemisia scoparia Malva sylvestris) 0.75 (Conyza canadensis). RFC varied 0.025 (Hyoscyamus niger Senecio crysanthemoides) 1.992 (Ephedra intermedia). with 100% FL Astragalus stocksii Artemisia scoparia, while FCI 0 1 insecticides acoustic disorders. assessment revealed 49 vulnerable, followed by rare (34 spp.), infrequent (7 Dominant (5spp.) And 5 endangered species.   Conclusion: showed Kurram has significant diversity plant, plant-based remedies still A treatment   The residents such Covid-19, cancer, dysentery, diuretic, wound healing, sexual diseases.